Family Friendly Fishing Spots in Lake Milton Ohio
The Swell Lakes from infinite
The Swell Lakes of the Laurentian Shield are a group of five large lakes in North America on or about the Canada-United States border. They are the largest grouping of fresh water lakes on World. The Peachy Lakes-St. Lawrence system is the largest fresh-water system in the globe, totaling over 94,000 foursquare miles. Sometimes referred to as inland seas, it is estimated that they hold half-dozen quadrillion gallons of water; 90 percent of the U.Southward. supply and twenty percent of the world'south supply. In addition to these lakes in themselves, there is a great and vital organisation of channels connecting them.
Contents
- 1 Lakes
- 2 Geological pre-history
- 3 Economy
- 3.ane Modern economic system
- 3.2 Rider traffic
- three.three Shipwrecks
- four Political bug
- 4.ane Keen Lakes water utilize and diversions
- 4.2 Declension Baby-sit alive fire exercises on the Great Lakes
- iv.3 Restoration
- 4.iv Additions to the five Corking Lakes
- five Concerns
- 5.ane Invasive species
- 5.ii Ecological challenges
- half dozen Notes
- vii References
- 8 External links
- ix Credits
Lakes
The five Neat Lakes of North America are:
- Lake Superior (the largest by volume, surface area, and depth; larger than Scotland or Due south Carolina)
- Lake Michigan (the 2nd-largest by volume and third-largest by area; the only one entirely in the U.Southward.)
- Lake Huron (the third-largest by volume; the second largest in area)
- Lake Erie (the smallest past volume and most shallow of all the great lakes)
- Lake Ontario (the second-smallest in volume and smallest in surface area, much lower acme than the rest)
Map of the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Watershed
Lakes Michigan and Huron, beingness hydrologically intertwined, are sometimes considered to be one entity: Lake Michigan-Huron. Considered together, Michigan-Huron would be larger in surface area than Lake Superior, but smaller in total water book.
Lake St. Clair, a much smaller lake, is function of the Great Lakes system between Lake Huron and Lake Erie, only is not considered i of the "Great Lakes." Lake Nipigon is some other large lake that is part of the same hydrological organisation, but not part of the Great Lakes proper. Other lakes of notable mention that are not considered part of the "Not bad Lakes," simply are part of their hydrological system are
- Lake Nipissing
- Lake Simcoe
- Lake Winnebago
- Oneida Lake
- Finger Lakes of Upstate New York, and
- Lake Champlain.
Did you lot know?
Four of the five "Great Lakes" of Northward America straddle the U.S.-Canada border; Lake Michigan is entirely inside the Us
The system too includes the rivers that connect the lakes: St. Marys River betwixt Lake Superior and Lake Huron, the Saint Clair River between Lake Huron and Lake Saint Clair, the Detroit River between Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie, and the Niagara River and Niagara Falls, between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Lake Michigan is connected to Lake Huron through the Straits of Mackinac. Large islands and a peninsula divide Lake Huron into the lake proper and Georgian Bay.
The lakes are bounded past Ontario (all of the lakes except Michigan), Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan (all but Lake Ontario), Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Four of the v lakes straddle the U.Due south.-Canada edge; the fifth, Lake Michigan, is entirely within the United states of america. The Saint Lawrence River, the international border for function of its course, is a chief outlet of these interconnected lakes, and flows through Quebec and past the Gaspé Peninsula to the northern Atlantic Ocean.
The Great Lakes are clearly visible in this satellite image of Northward America
Sprinkled throughout the lakes are the approximately 35,000 Not bad Lakes islands, including Manitoulin Isle in Lake Huron, the largest island in any inland body of water (also domicile to the globe'south largest lake within a lake: Lake Manitou), and Island Royale in Lake Superior, the largest isle in the largest lake (each island big enough to itself incorporate multiple lakes).
Today, xx percent of the earth'southward fresh surface water is contained in the 5 great lakes: 5,472 cubic miles (22,812 km³), or 6 quadrillion U.S. gallons (22.81 quadrillion liters) in all. It is plenty water to encompass the contiguous 48 states to a uniform depth of 9.5 feet (2.9 m). The combined surface area of the lakes is 94,250 square miles (244,100 km²)—larger than united states of america of New York, New Bailiwick of jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont and New Hampshire combined or the provinces of Prince Edward Isle and Newfoundland and Labrador combined.
The Peachy Lakes' coast measures x,900 miles (17,549 km) (including islands and connecting channels), nearly equally long equally the full Usa ocean coastline (12,383 miles or 19,928 km), including Alaska.
The Saint Lawrence Seaway and Great Lakes Waterway connect the Bang-up Lakes to ocean-going vessels. Even so, the trend to wider bounding main-going container ships—which exercise not fit through the locks on these routes—has express shipping on the lakes. Despite their vast size, large sections of the Great Lakes freeze over in winter, and most shipping halts during that season. Some icebreakers operate on the lakes.
The lakes bear upon weather in the region, a miracle known as lake result. In winter, the wet picked up by the prevailing winds from the westward can produce very heavy snowfall, especially forth eastern lakeshores in Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Ontario, and New York. It is not uncommon for heavy snow to occur during completely clear skies because of this phenomenon. The lakes too moderate seasonal temperatures somewhat, past absorbing heat and cooling the air in summer, and then slowly radiating that heat in autumn. This temperature buffering produces areas known as "fruit belts," where fruit typically grown farther south tin can exist produced in commercial quantities. The eastern shore of Lake Michigan and the southern shore of Lake Erie are domicile to many wineries as well as a outcome of this, as is the Niagara Peninsula between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. A like phenomenon occurs in the Finger Lakes region of New York in the grade of fog, especially along the shorelines of those lakes. This is well-nigh noticeable forth Lake Superior'south shores, due to its maritime climate.
The Bully Lakes take been known to strengthen storms, such equally Hurricane Hazel in 1954, and a frontal arrangement in 2007 that spawned a few tornadoes in Michigan and Ontario, picking up the warmth and free energy from the lakes to fuel them. In 1996, a rare subtropical cyclone formed in Lake Huron, dubbed the 1996 Lake Huron whirlwind.
Geological pre-history
The Great Lakes were formed at the end of the last ice age about 10,000 years ago, when the Laurentide ice sail receded. When this happened, the glaciers left behind a large corporeality of meltwater which filled upwardly the basins that the glaciers had carved, thus creating the Nifty Lakes equally we know them today. Because of the uneven nature of glacier erosion, some higher hills became Great Lakes islands. The Niagara Escarpment follows the contour of the Great Lakes between New York and Wisconsin – Herbert Simon called this escarpment "the spinal cord of my native land."
Economy
The lakes are extensively used for transport, though cargo traffic has decreased considerably in recent years. The Swell Lakes Waterway makes each of the lakes accessible.
During settlement, the Neat Lakes and its rivers were the only practical means of moving people and freight. Anything and everything floated on the lakes. Some ended up on the bottom because of storms, fires, collisions and underwater hazards. Barges from middle Northward America were able to achieve the Atlantic Body of water from the Smashing Lakes when the Erie Culvert opened in 1825. By 1848, with the opening of the Illinois and Michigan Canal at Chicago, directly access to the Mississippi River was possible from the lakes. With these two canals an all-inland h2o route was created between New York City and New Orleans.
The master business of many of the rider lines in the 1800s was transporting immigrants. Many of the larger cities owe their existence to their positions on the lakes as a freight destination every bit well as for being a magnet for immigrants. These immigration routes even so take an event today. Immigrants often formed their own communities and some areas have a pronounced ethnicity, predominantly Dutch, German, Smooth, Finnish, among others.
Since general freight these days is transported by railroads and trucks, domestic ships mostly movement bulk cargoes, like atomic number 26 ore and its derivatives, coal, and limestone for the steel industry. The domestic bulk freight developed because of the nearby mines. It was more economic to ship the raw materials for steel to centralized plants rather than forge steel at the mine sites. Components for steel, however, are not the merely bulk shipments; grain exports are also a major aircraft commodity on the lakes.
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, iron and other ores such as copper were shipped due south on (downbound ships) and supplies, food staples, and coal were shipped north (upbound). Because of the location of the coal fields in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and the full general northeast track of the Appalachian Mountains, railroads naturally adult shipping routes that went due north to ports such as Erie, Pennsylvania and Ashtabula, Ohio.
Because the lake maritime customs developed largely independently, information technology has its own linguistic communication. Ships, no matter the size, are referred to equally boats. When the sailing ships gave way to steamships, they were chosen steamboats—the same term used on the Mississippi. The ships also have a distinctive design. Ships that primarily trade on the lakes are known as lakers. Bounding main-going vessels are known every bit salties.
One of the more common sights on the lakes is the i,000 past 305 foot (105 past 32 meter), 60,000 US long tons (61,000 metric metric tons) self-unloader. This is a laker with a huge conveyor belt system that can unload itself by swinging a crane over the side. Today, the Great Lakes armada is much smaller in numbers than it once was because of the increased apply of overland freight and the employ of larger ships replacing the need for many smaller ships.
Modern economy
Wolfe Islander III, Kingston, Ontario
The Bang-up Lakes have been used equally a major mode of transport for bulk goods starting in 1697 with the brigantine Le Griffon. Commissioned by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, the ship was built at Cayuga Creek, near the southern end of the Niagara River and became the starting time sailing send to travel the upper Great Lakes.
In 2002, 162 million net tons of dry out bulk cargo were moved on the Lakes. This was, in social club of volume: iron ore, coal, stone, grain, common salt, cement, and potash. The iron ore and much of the stone and coal are used in the steel industry. There is also some shipping of liquid and containerized cargo but most container ships are also wide to pass through the locks on the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The full corporeality of shipping on the lakes has been on a downward trend for several years.
Recreational boating and tourism are major industries on the Great Lakes. A few small cruise ships operate on the Lakes including several sailing ships. Sport fishing, commercial fishing, and Native American fishing represent a United states of america$4 billion a year industry with salmon, whitefish, smelt, lake trout, and walleye existence major catches.
The Groovy Lakes are used to supply drinking water to tens of millions of people in bordering areas. This valuable resource is collectively administered past the state and provincial governments adjoining the lakes.
Passenger traffic
Several ferries operate on the Corking Lakes to behave passengers to diverse islands, including Isle Royale, Pelee Island, Mackinac Isle, Beaver Isle, both Bois Blanc Islands, Kelleys Island, South Bass Island, N Manitou Isle, Southward Manitou Island, Harsens Island, Manitoulin Island, and the Toronto Islands. As of 2007, 2 motorcar ferry services cross the Great Lakes, both on Lake Michigan: a steamer from Ludington, Michigan to Manitowoc, Wisconsin and a loftier speed catamaran from Milwaukee to Muskegon, Michigan. An international ferry crossing Lake Ontario from Rochester, New York to Toronto ran during 2004 and 2005, merely is no longer in operation.
Shipwrecks
Travel on the Lakes has been risky. Considering of the immense size of the Lakes, at that place are vast stretches of open water without sight of state. The Lakes are sometimes referred to every bit inland seas.
Many thousands of ships have sunk in these waters. Storms and unseen reefs are a frequent threat. An estimated vi,000 to x,000 vessels have sunk or been stranded since the early 1800s, many with fractional or full loss of crew. The Lakes are decumbent to sudden and severe storms, particularly in the autumn, from belatedly Oct until early Dec. The Great Lakes Tempest of 1913 is the worst tempest on these waters on tape: at least 12 ships sank, and 31 more than were stranded on rocks and beaches. At to the lowest degree 248 sailors lost their lives over that weekend. The SS Edmund Fitzgerald, which sank November ten, 1975, was the last major freighter lost on the lakes, sinking virtually twenty miles off Whitefish Betoken in Lake Superior with all 29 crew members lost.
The greatest concentration of these wrecks lies virtually Thunder Bay (Michigan), in Lake Huron, near the point where eastbound and westbound shipping lanes converge. Today there is a U.S. NOAA Marine Archeology Research Station located in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Here defined tin explore more than 200 shipwrecks that grade one of the most full-bodied and best preserved maritime archaeology sites in the earth.
For many years in the late 1700s and early 1800s, wars were fought over the control of the Lakes and many warships were built for the inland seas, ranging from small and swift sloops-of-war to three-deckers capable of continuing in whatsoever line of battle. The Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817 limits the number of armed vessels permitted on the Corking Lakes.
Political issues
Nifty Lakes water utilise and diversions
The International Articulation Commission was established in 1909 to aid prevent and resolve disputes relating to the use and quality of boundary waters, and to advise Canada and the Us on questions related to water resource. Concerns over diversion of Great Lakes' h2o are of concern to both Americans and Canadians. Some water is diverted through the Chicago River to operate the Illinois Waterway but the menstruum is express by treaty. Possible schemes for bottled water plants and diversion to dry regions of the continent heighten concerns. Diversion of water from the Great Lakes basin requires the approval of all 8 Great Lakes governors, which rarely occurs. International treaties regulate large diversions. In 1998, the Canadian company Nova Group won blessing from the Province of Ontario to withdraw 158,000,000 U.s. gallons (600,000 chiliad³) of Lake Superior water annually to ship past tanker to Asian countries. Public outcry forced the company to abandon the programme before it began. Since that time, the 8 Great Lakes Governors and the Premiers of Ontario and Quebec have negotiated the Slap-up Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Sustainable H2o Resources Agreement[1] and the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Meaty[2] that would preclude nigh hereafter diversion proposals and all long-altitude ones. The agreements as well strengthen protection against abusive h2o withdrawal practices within the Bang-up Lakes basin. On Dec thirteen, 2005, the Governors and Premiers signed these ii agreements: the start is betwixt all ten jurisdictions. It is somewhat more than detailed and protective, merely cannot exist enforced in court because enforcement arrangements can be made simply between the federal governments. The second is exclusively among the U.Due south. states, which, if approved by all eight state legislatures that edge the Great Lakes and the U.S. Congress, could be enforced in U.S. federal court.
Coast Baby-sit live burn down exercises on the Bang-up Lakes
In Baronial of 2006 the United States Coast Guard published a observe in the Federal Register that they intended to designate 34 areas in U.South. portions of the Great Lakes including 14 in Lake Michigan, at to the lowest degree 5 miles offshore every bit permanent safety zones for live–fire machine–gun do. The USCG reserved the right to hold target practice whenever the weather allowed, with a 2-hour detect. These firing ranges would be open to the public when not in use.
On Dec 18, 2006 the Coast Guard announced its conclusion to withdraw the "Detect of Proposed Rulemaking" to found 34 safety zones for alive-burn training on the Nifty Lakes. Officials said they would look into alternative ammunition, modifying the proposed zones, and have more than public dialogue before proposing a new plan.[3]
Restoration
In the U.South., the Keen Lakes Collaboration Implementation Act establishes priority recommendations of a US$20 billion Great Lakes make clean-upwardly plan released in Dec every bit function of the Neat Lakes Regional Collaboration, created by President Bush in 2004. A bipartisan group of Usa legislators introduced the bill, including U.S. Senators Mike DeWine (R-Ohio) and Carl Levin (D-Michigan) and Reps. Vern Ehlers (R-Grand Rapids) and Rahm Emanuel (D-Chicago). The Swell Lakes Collaboration Implementation Act would:
- Stop the introduction and spread of aquatic invasive species by enacting a comprehensive national program.
- Forbid the Asian carp from entering the Neat Lakes by authorizing the Corps of Engineers to maintain and operate the dispersal barrier on the Chicago Germ-free and Ship Canal, and prohibit the importation and sale of Asian carp.
- Restore fish and wildlife habitat by reauthorizing the Smashing Lakes Fish & Wildlife Restoration Deed at $20 1000000.
- Prevent sewage contamination by reauthorizing the State Revolving Loan Fund and provide $20 billion over five years to assist communities nationally with improving their wastewater infrastructure.
- Make clean up contaminated sediment nether the Keen Lakes Legacy Act by authorizing $150 million per twelvemonth.
- Phase out mercury in products past establishing a new grant programme and improving existing enquiry programs.
- Coordinate and improve Not bad Lakes programs by establishing the Great Lakes Interagency Task Strength and the Great Lakes Regional Collaboration process.
The Healing Our Waters - Great Lakes Coalition has formed to assist groups and citizens beyond the United States advocate for restoring the wellness of the Great Lakes.
Additions to the five Great Lakes
Lake Champlain, on the edge between upstate New York and northwestern Vermont, briefly became labeled by the U.S. regime as the 6th "Great Lake of the United States" on March 6, 1998 when President Clinton signed Senate Bill 927. This nib, which reauthorized the National Sea Grant Plan, independent a line by Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT) declaring Lake Champlain to be a Great Lake. Not coincidentally, this status allows neighboring states to apply for additional federal enquiry and education funds allocated to these national resources. The merits was viewed with some amusement by other countries, particularly in the Canadian media; the lake is minor compared to other Canadian lakes (such as Great Behave Lake with over 27 times more surface area). Following a minor uproar (and several New York Times articles), the Neat Lake status was rescinded on soon later on, although Vermont universities go along to receive funds to monitor and written report the lake.
Similarly, there has been interest in making Lake St. Clair a Cracking Lake. In October, 2002, backers planned to present such a proposal at the Not bad Lakes Commission annual coming together, only ultimately withheld it as it appeared to have picayune support.
Concerns
Invasive species
The Great Lakes have suffered from the introduction of many non-native species. Since the 1800s, more than 300 invasive or non-native species have invaded the Great Lakes ecosystem from around the world, causing severe economic and ecological impacts. "Over 160 invasive species threaten the ecological balance of the Lakes. They deprive fish of nutrient, cause blooms of toxic algae, and foul boats, spawning areas and drinking water intakes. On average one new invasive enters the Nifty Lakes every 8 months." [4]
Zebra mussel infestations in the Corking Lakes and inland waters illustrate the severity of the issues stemming from invasive species introduction and spread. This not-indigenous mollusk is an efficient filter feeder that competes with native mussels and impacts fish populations by reducing food and available spawning habitat. The utility and manufacturing industries around the region, depending on Cracking Lakes water for production, expend substantial time and coin cleaning intake and belch pipes clogged past the zebra mussel. The U.Due south. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates the economic impact to these industries to be Usa$v billion dollars over the adjacent decade. [5]
Approximately x percent of not-ethnic aquatic species introduced into the Swell Lakes have had significant economic and ecological impacts. The remaining 90 per centum have potentially harmful impacts but are insufficiently researched and understood. Besides the zebra mussel, several other species take been particularly harmful. The invasion of the body of water lamprey, a parasite that attaches to large fish with a sucker mouth armed with teeth consumes flesh and fluid from its prey, resulting in substantial economical losses to recreational and commercial fisheries. Control of sea lamprey predation requires annual expenditures of millions of dollars.
Alewife, introduced through Corking Lakes canal systems, litter beaches each spring and modify food webs, causing increased water turbidity. These impacts have subsided with the introduction of salmonids that were stocked as predators to keep alewife populations nether control. The ruffe, a modest percid fish, became the most arable fish species in Lake Superior's St. Louis River inside 5 years of its detection in 1986. Its range, which has expanded to Lake Huron, poses a significant threat to the lower lake fishery. 5 years after first being observed in the Saint Clair River, the round goby tin can now be plant in all of the Swell Lakes. The goby is considered undesirable for several reasons: It preys upon bottom-feeding fishes, overruns optimal habitat, spawns multiple times a flavour, and can survive poor water quality conditions. [6]
A more recent threat to Lake Michigan fisheries is viral hemorrhagic septicemia, an introduced pathogen that can survive up to 14 days in lake water, infecting any fish that come in contact with it.
An electrical contend has been set across the oral fissure of the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in order to keep several invasive species of Asian carp out of Lake Michigan. The carp take voracious appetites and feed upon native fish species. They can grow to 90 pounds (kg) and nearly four feet (12 chiliad) long. [7] The barrier is not in utilize at this fourth dimension as issues of controlling the electric current in the canal are not yet resolved.
At least 30 percent of all invasive species were introduced into the Great Lakes in ballast water of cargo and other ships. The U.S. Coast Guard has instituted rules requiring the exchange of anchor water or sealing of anchor tanks on all ship traffic in the Lakes. Federal and land efforts to regulate ballast water take made progress in slowing the introduction of new species to the Great Lakes.[8]
Ecological challenges
Before the arrival of Europeans, the lakes provided fish to the native groups who lived near them. Early European settlers were astounded by both the diverseness and quantity of fish. Historically, fish populations were the early indicator of the condition of the Lakes, and take remained ane of the key indicators even in our technological era of sophisticated analyses and measuring instruments. According to the bi-national (U.S. and Canadian) resource book, The Bully Lakes: An Ecology Atlas and Resource Volume, "the largest Great Lakes fish harvests were recorded in 1889 and 1899 at some 67,000 metric tons (147 million pounds)," though environmental impacts on the fish can be traced back nearly a century prior to those years.
For example, by 1801, New York legislators found information technology necessary to pass regulations curtailing obstructions to the natural migrations of Atlantic salmon from Lake Erie into their spawning channels. In the early nineteenth century, Upper Canada's government found it necessary to introduce like legislation prohibiting the use of weirs and nets at the mouths of Lake Ontario'due south tributaries. Other protective legislation was passed as well, but enforcement remained difficult.
On both sides of the US-Canada border, the proliferation of dams and impoundments multiplied, necessitating more regulatory efforts. In that location was a marked pass up in fish populations past the centre of the nineteenth century. The reject in salmon was recognized by Canadian officials and was reported as to have virtually disappeared by the end of the 1860s. The Wisconsin Fisheries Committee noted a reduction of roughly 25 percentage in general fish harvests by 1875. Dams were preventing sturgeon spawning besides. Many Michigan rivers sport multiple dams that range from mere relics to those that seriously touch on fish. The State's dam removal budget has been frozen in recent years. In the 1990s the state was removing one dam per twelvemonth.
Overfishing was cited as responsible for the decline of the population of various whitefish, an important food source with economic consequences. Between 1879 and 1899, reported whitefish harvests declined from some 24.3 million pounds (11 meg kg) to just over nine one thousand thousand pounds (four 1000000 kg). Recorded sturgeon catches fell from seven.8 meg pounds (1.five one thousand thousand kg) in 1879 to 1.7 million pounds (770,000 kg) in 1899. Giant fresh h2o mussels were wiped out by early on Great Lakes entrepreneurs.
There were other factors contributing to the declines too overfishing and the problems posed by dams and other obstructions. Logging in the region removed tree encompass well-nigh stream channels which provide spawning grounds, and this afflicted necessary shade and temperature-moderating conditions. Removal of tree encompass too destabilized soil, assuasive information technology to be carried in greater quantity into the streambeds, and brought about more frequent flooding. Running cut logs downwards the Lakes' tributary rivers stirred lesser sediments. In 1884, the New York Fish Commission determined that the dumping of sawmill waste (chips and sawdust) was impacting fish populations. According to the authoritative bi-national source The Great Lakes: An Ecology Atlas and Resources Volume, "Only pockets remain of the once large commercial fishery."
The influx of parasitic lamprey populations, after the development of the Erie Canal and the much subsequently Welland Canal, led to the U.Due south. and Canadian governments attempting to work together – which proved a very complicated and troubled route. Unfortunately, despite the ever more sophisticated efforts to eliminate or minimize the lamprey populations, by the mid 1950s the lake trout populations of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron were reduced by about 99 percent, largely due to the lamprey's predation. The Great Lakes Fishery Committee was an outgrowth of the efforts to control the lamprey.
Other ecological problems in the Lakes and their surroundings have stemmed from urban sprawl, sewage disposal, and toxic industrial effluent. These also affect aquatic nutrient chains and fish populations. Some of these glaring problem areas attracted high-level publicity of Great Lakes' ecological troubles in the 1960s and 1970s. Show of chemical pollution in the Lakes and their tributaries at present stretches back for decades. In the tardily 1960s, the recurrent phenomenon of stretches of the Cuyahoga River in Ohio catching burn from a combination of oil, chemicals, and combustible materials floating on the water's surface caught the attention of a more environmentally enlightened public. Another aspect that caught pop attention was the "toxic blobs" (expanses of lake bed covered by various combinations of solvents, woods preservatives, coal tar, and metals) found in Lake Superior, the Saint Clair River, and other areas of the Great Lakes region.
Notes
- ↑ Not bad Lakes-St. Lawrence River Bowl Sustainable Water Resources Understanding December 13, 2005. Retrieved Jan 27, 2020.
- ↑ Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Bowl Water Resource Compact Dec thirteen, 2005. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
- ↑ Deborah Weisberg, Fishing: Coast Guard reloads on firing range, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, December 24, 2006. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
- ↑ Invasive species threaten Great Lakes: study CBC News, June xi, 2007. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
- ↑ Great Lakes Aquatic Nuisance Species Great Lakes Committee, March 27, 2007. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
- ↑ Invasive Species Great Lakes Region, NOAA. Retrieved Jan 27, 2020.
- ↑ Corps of Engineers is going fishing Northwest Indiana Times, March 17, 2004. Retrieved Jan 27, 2020.
- ↑ Bang-up Lakes freighters may take to treat anchor water to curb invasive species MPR News, Baronial 27, 2019. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Dempsey, Dave. On the brink: the Great Lakes in the 21st century. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2004. ISBN 9780870137051
- Rodgers, Bradley A. Guardian of the Nifty Lakes: The U.S. Paddle Frigate Michigan. University of Michigan Printing, 1996. ISBN 978-0472096077
- Shear, Harvey, Kent Fuller, and Jennifer Wittig. The Bang-up Lakes: An environmental atlas and resource book. Toronto: Govt. of Canada, 1995. ISBN 9780662234418
External links
All links retrieved January 24, 2020.
- The Great Lakes. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
- Groovy Lakes. The Nature Salvation.
- Alliance for the Great Lakes
Credits
New Globe Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This commodity abides by terms of the Artistic Eatables CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that tin reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers hither:
- Groovy Lakes history
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